Vistopia
35 Lessons in Critical Thinking: Think Like a Debater
Pang Ying

Transcript

This final episode of Part Two, Building Arguments, focuses onpersuasiveness.
When planning the series, Vistopia’s editors told me modern people, especially the young, dislike being persuaded. Do not turn it into a course on persuading others, they said.
Even so, I will discuss persuasion because it is indispensable to human interaction.
Persuasion does not mean coercion, manipulating people with tricks at any cost, or assuming one’s own view uniquely right and universally acceptable.
It means expressing a view clearly so others understand and are willing to hear it.Whether they accept or rebut comes next.
Passing falsehood off as truth is wrong, but without persuasion, what if bad money drives out goodand falsehood displaces truth? Persuasion is essential to communication.
To me, debate is the craft and art of persuasion. Having reason is the minimum, but reason alone does not persuade.
How can we help people hear a sound idea? That is today’s problem.

Use Examples to Complete the Logic: Make Abstractions Concrete and Support Plausible Hypotheses

First, examples are crucial to argument and persuasion. Here are examples of examples.
A motion asks whether rights are endowed by nature or by people: where does the legitimacy of human rights originate?
Natural rights holds that basic rights—life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness—are self-evident. I need not prove why I possess them; I simply do.
Whether their source is heaven, God, nature, or innate reason, it transcends human institutions. States and laws exist to protect and implement them.The person is society’s foundation and end; society is formed for people, not people for society.
Episode editor: 李兔
2022.02.15
Audio in Chinese

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