1. 00:19Italy’s surrender changes the war: how Tito acquired an army of 800,000

2. 02:59The establishment of Yugoslavia’s postwar one-party system

3. 04:01Postwar political arrangements in the socialist states of Eastern Europe

4. 05:18Why did Tito dare break with Stalin? Yugoslavia’s distinctive path

5. 06:23The Cominform affair: how Tito purged the pro-Soviet faction

6. 08:17Workers’ self-management socialism: why Yugoslavia’s reform experiment failed

7. 10:21The economic difficulties behind enterprise autonomy

8. 11:27From Tito to Milošević: why Yugoslavia moved toward disintegration

9. 11:52Next stop: Užice

A Soviet military commander and marshal, regarded as one of the finest Soviet generals of World War II.

He joined the Red Army in 1918 and fought in the Russian Civil War. After graduating from the Frunze Military Academy, he held a succession of command posts and was promoted to chief of staff of the Transcaucasian Military District in 1938. Following Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union, Tolbukhin rose further in rank and participated in the Battle of Stalingrad.

As commander of the Fourth Ukrainian Front, he assisted Rodion Malinovsky in the Lower Dnieper and Dnieper–Carpathian offensives. He then took part in the Soviet advance into the Balkans, forcing Romania to change sides and join the Allies, for which he was made Marshal of the Soviet Union. Tolbukhin subsequently participated in the occupation of Bulgaria and liberated much of Yugoslavia following the Belgrade Offensive.

In May 1945, he commanded the Vienna Offensive and helped Karl Renner form a new Austrian government. After the war, Tolbukhin commanded the Southern Group of Forces in the Balkans before returning to the Transcaucasus. He held that post until his death from diabetes in October 1949.